Efficient distributed matrix-free multigrid methods on locally refined meshes for FEM computations

This work studies three multigrid variants for matrix-free finite-element computations on locally refined meshes: geometric local smoothing, geometric global coarsening, and polynomial global coarsening. We have integrated the algorithms into the same framework-the open-source finite-element library deal.II-, which allows us to make fair comparisons regarding their implementation complexity, computational efficiency, and parallel scalability as well as to compare the measurements with theoretically derived performance models. Serial simulations and parallel weak and strong scaling on up to 147,456 CPU cores on 3,072 compute nodes are presented. The results obtained indicate that global coarsening algorithms show a better parallel behavior for comparable smoothers due to the better load balance particularly on the expensive fine levels. In the serial case, the costs of applying hanging-node constraints might be significant, leading to advantages of local smoothing, even though the number of solver iterations needed is slightly higher.Comment: 34 pages, 17 figure

Accuracy of Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in a low TB burden country: a prospective multicentre study

[Introduction] Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children in a low TB prevalence setting.[Methods] Prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study. Children with clinical or radiological suspicion of pulmonary TB were recruited at 11 paediatric units in Spain. Up to three gastric or sputum specimens were taken on 3 consecutive days, and analysed by Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra and culture in parallel.[Results] 86 children were included (median age 4.9 years, IQR 2.0–10.0; 51.2% male). The final diagnosis was pulmonary TB in 75 patients (87.2%); 33 (44.0%) were microbiologically confirmed. A total of 219 specimens, comprising gastric aspirates (n=194; 88.6%) and sputum specimens (n=25; 11.4%), were analysed. Using culture as reference standard and comparing individual specimens, the sensitivity was 37.8% (14/37) for Xpert MTB/RIF and 81.1% (30/37) for Xpert Ultra (p<0.001); specificity was 98.4% (179/182) and 93.4% (170/182), respectively (p=0.02). In the per-patient analysis, considering positive results on any specimen, the sensitivity was 42.9% (9/21) for Xpert MTB/RIF and 81.0% for Xpert Ultra (17/21, p=0.01); specificity was 96.9% (63/65) and 87.7% (57/65, p=0.07), respectively.[Conclusions] In children with pulmonary TB in a low burden setting, Xpert Ultra has significantly higher sensitivity than the previous generation of Xpert assay and only marginally lower specificity. Therefore, in children undergoing evaluation for suspected pulmonary TB, Xpert Ultra should be used in preference to Xpert MTB/RIF whenever possible.This study did not receive any project-specific funding. DA-A was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health – Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofunded by the European Union (FEDER) (Contrato Río Hortega CM18/00100). AN-J was supported by 'Subvencions per a la Intensificació de Facultatius Especialistes' (Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Programa PERIS 2016-2020) (SLT008/18/00193). DBG was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation – Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER by 'Contratos para la intensificación de la actividad investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, 2020 (INT20/00086)'. BS-G was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health – Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofunded by the European Union (FEDER) (Contrato Juan Rodés JR16/00036).Peer reviewe

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Genetic influence on football performance - a systematic review

Purpose. To systematically review and organise the available literature devoted to the topic of genetics and performance in football. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed for original research published before October 2019. The following keywords were entered: ‘Soccer’ OR ‘Football’ AND ‘Genetic’ OR ‘Epigenic’ OR ‘Powergene’ OR ‘Genomic’ OR ‘Genotype’ OR ‘Polymorphism’ OR ‘Genetic marker’. Articles were screened by using pre-defined selection criteria, and methodological quality was assessed independently by 2 authors. Results. The electronic searches yielded 872 articles, and after the screening process, a total of 38 studies met the eligibility criteria and were subsequently included for review. Conclusions. The reviewed studies identified the most frequently addressed topics in this area of research: (1) performancerelated genes; (2) injury-related genes; (3) body composition-related genes; and (4) cardiac adaptations. This area of research is still at an early stage, and there is a need for studies to develop knowledge of genetics and its link with physical, technical, and cognitive performance in football with a view to facilitating talent identification in young players

Carta de Psicología No. 54

El capital psicológico y el engagement en el trabajo: revisión teórica / Angie Lorena Escobar Giraldo, Carol Valentina Londoño Pantoja y Laura Valentina Rojas Montealegre. Relación entre clima organizacional y engagement desde una mirada del modelo de Avalores en competencia / Karol Sunev Encinales y Angie Julieth Riaño. Relación de los estilos de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional en el clima organizacional: una revisión de la literatura / Leidy Tatiana Javela Avila y Angie Johana Maldonado Bejarano. El bienestar organizacional: una revisión teórica desde lo hedónico y lo eudaimónico / Astrid Carolina Rodríguez Prieto, Daniela Sthefania Pérez Arango y Laura Jimena Mondragón. Estudio comparativo de la normatividad en torno al acoso laboral / Magda Cardozo y Paola Andrea Rubiano. Análisis del estilo lingüístico prosocial y altruista / Luis Fernando Benedetti, Luisa Fernanda Martínez y Juan Camilo Carvajal-Builes. Violencia intrafamiliar como una problemática juvenil en Colombia / María José Saavedra Vargas y Daniela Barbosa Ardila. Análisis psicológico de la trata de personas con fines / María José Saavedra Vargas y Daniela Barbosa Ardila. Sobre el reciclaje: su debida ejecución y su importancia para el medio ambiente / María Camila Londoño Fernández y Camilo Jesús Alejandro Vivas Becerra. Estrategias de aprendizaje espacial con apoyo virtual en hombres y mujeres desde una visión evolutiva / Natalia Pareja Henao, J. Jacobo Pinto Galindo, Esteban Ayala Vargas, Ivonne Edith Alejo Castañeda y Tatiana Manrique Zuluaga. La música favorece la atención en niños / Manuela María del Rocío Pinzón, Laura Geraldine Cortés, Tatiana Manrique Zuluaga e Ivonne Edith Alejo Castañeda. La autorregulación y la autonomía, un abordaje desde la psicología del desarrollo infantil / Diana Paola Pardo Galvis, Lizeth Tatiana Herrera Toro y Julieth María Ospina Osorio. Importancia e incidencia de la vocación y la profesión en el sector social LGBTIQ / Lieen D. Guevara G. Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Niños o Adolescentes (SRPA) en Colombia / Diana Paola Pardo Galvis, Lizeth Tatiana Herrera Toro y Erika Natalia Algarra Martínez. Breve revisión de la importancia del desarrollo de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) y sus derechos de participación dentro del contexto sociopolítico / Daniela Barbosa Ardila y María José Saavedra Vargas. “Verdad y mentira”: conceptos relacionados con el ejercicio de la psicología del testimonio / María Paula Castro y Juan Camilo Carvajal-Builes. Comportamientos de violencia conyugal naturalizados por jóvenes universitarios de Bogotá / Daniela Alejandra Martínez Sarmiento, María Fernanda Nieto Ramírez, Laura Andrea Torres Pulido, María Emily Triana Jiménez y Darío León Rincó

La función de la Corte Penal Internacional: visiones plurales desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar

El presente libro hace parte de los trabajos del grupo de justicia nacional de la “Red de Investigación Perspectivas Iberoamericanas sobre la Justicia”, coordinada desde el Instituto Ibero-Americano de la Haya para la Paz, los Derechos Humanos y la Justicia Internacional (IIH) (Países Bajos). Así mismo, se inscribe dentro de los proyectos de investigación: (a) “La función de la Corte Penal Internacional desde las teorías de la justicia en el derecho internacional” (2019-2020), cofinanciado por la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá, Colombia) y el IIH (Países Bajos); y (b) “La respuesta del derecho internacional a la corrupción asociada al crimen transnacional organizado” (2019-2021), con número de referencia VFPC009, cofinanciado por la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación y la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá, Colombia), así como por el IIH (Países Bajos). Ambos proyectos se encuentran adscritos a la línea de investigación “Crítica al derecho internacional desde fundamentos filosóficos”, del Grupo de Investigación en DI de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario

The age again in the eye of the COVID-19 storm: evidence-based decision making.

One hundred fifty million contagions, more than 3 million deaths and little more than 1 year of COVID-19 have changed our lives and our health management systems forever. Ageing is known to be one of the significant determinants for COVID-19 severity. Two main reasons underlie this: immunosenescence and age correlation with main COVID-19 comorbidities such as hypertension or dyslipidaemia. This study has two aims. The first is to obtain cut-off points for laboratory parameters that can help us in clinical decision-making. The second one is to analyse the effect of pandemic lockdown on epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters concerning the severity of the COVID-19. For these purposes, 257 of SARSCoV2 inpatients during pandemic confinement were included in this study. Moreover, 584 case records from a previously analysed series, were compared with the present study data. Concerning the characteristics of lockdown series, mild cases accounted for 14.4, 54.1% were moderate and 31.5%, severe. There were 32.5% of home contagions, 26.3% community transmissions, 22.5% nursing home contagions, and 8.8% corresponding to frontline worker contagions regarding epidemiological features. Age > 60 and male sex are hereby confirmed as severity determinants. Equally, higher severity was significantly associated with higher IL6, CRP, ferritin, LDH, and leukocyte counts, and a lower percentage of lymphocyte, CD4 and CD8 count. Comparing this cohort with a previous 584-cases series, mild cases were less than those analysed in the first moment of the pandemic and dyslipidaemia became more frequent than before. IL-6, CRP and LDH values above 69 pg/mL, 97 mg/L and 328 U/L respectively, as well as a CD4 T-cell count below 535 cells/μL, were the best cut-offs predicting severity since these parameters offered reliable areas under the curve. Age and sex together with selected laboratory parameters on admission can help us predict COVID-19 severity and, therefore, make clinical and resource management decisions. Demographic features associated with lockdown might affect the homogeneity of the data and the robustness of the results

Carta de Psicología No. 57

Editorial. Especialización en Psicología Clínica: uno de los mejores programas de la Facultad de Psicología. Comprensión del fenómeno de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia. Procesos de socialización en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) colombianos durante y después de la pandemia. Escala de Medición de la Soledad BATAN. Ciberviolencia, una aproximación desde la cognición extendida y enactiva. Efectos de las prácticas de crianza en el desarrollo de niños y niñas durante la infancia temprana en familias disfuncionales. Influencia de los padres en el uso de estrategias adaptativas y desadaptativas de regulación emocional utilizadas por los niños y niñas durante la infancia intermedia. Exploración acerca de las estrategias de intervención implementadas en los niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Validación por jueces de un instrumento de medición de afectividad y erotismo en trabajadoras sexuales de Bogotá. Efectos del castigo físico como agente de control y disciplina en la crianza de niños y niñas en infancia temprana. Beneficios cognitivos de los videojuegos. Revisión teórica del estilo de crianza democrático. Ser porque hemos sido: La conexión emocional en la reconstrucción del tejido social para la paz. Conexión emocional como estrategia para la construcción del sentido de país. El uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la medición de procesos psicológicos. Relación entre moda, imagen corporal y conducta alimentaria en Latinoamérica. Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión durante el aislamiento social obligatorio en personas que realizan teletrabajo. Contribuyendo al bienestar y calidad de vida de las comunidades. El rol de los hermanos de niños diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA): desarrollo de interacciones y comunicación, una revisión teórica